Every question you ask can be matched with a suitable answer
Leave me a message
We take every suggestion of yours seriously
Wechat
Tan Xiaojun
·Senior reproductive medicine expert
·Postdoctoral fellow at Peking University
·PhD candidate at Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South
University
·Master’s tutor at Central South University
· Master's degree candidate in reproductive
medicine at the University of South China
· Professional training at Huazhong University
of Science and Technology and Tongji
Hospital Reproductive Center
Expertise:
diagnosis and treatment of infertility, first/second/third generation IVF (including
egg/sperm donation), microsperm retrieval, embryo freezing and resuscitation, artificial
insemination (including husband's sperm and sperm donation), paternity testing, chromosomal
disease
diagnosis, high-throughput gene sequencing, endometrial receptivity gene testing and other
clinical
technology applications. Many of these technologies are at the leading level both domestically
and
internationally.
Is it necessary to go overseas for the third generation test tube with chromosome abnormality? Overseas third generation test tube, PGT technology, chromosome screening, third generation test tube process, repeated abortion, pregnancy preparation at an advanced age, embryo detection.
Five groups of key comparisons: the necessity and decision-making guide of going overseas for the third generation of test tubes with chromosomal abnormalities
1. Definition: Chromosome abnormality and the core concept of the third generation test tube.
Chromosome abnormality refers to the variation in the number and structure of human chromosomes. Common clinical types include number abnormality (such as 21-trisomy and 18-trisomy) and structural abnormality (balanced translocation, Roche translocation, deletion, duplication, etc.). The data show that about 50%-70% of early spontaneous abortions are directly related to chromosomal abnormalities in embryos, and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in women over 35 years old can reach more than 50%, which is an important cause of infertility, repeated abortions and fetal birth defects.
The third generation of IVF technology, which is called genetic test before embryo implantation (PGT) in medicine, is based on in vitro fertilization, genetic screening and diagnosis of embryos, screening out embryos with normal chromosomes or genes for transplantation, and reducing genetic risks from the source. Clinical common PGT can be divided into three categories: PGT-A (aneuploidy screening), PGT-SR (chromosome rearrangement detection) and PGT-M (monogenic genetic disease detection), among which PGT-A and PGT-SR are the core application technologies for people with chromosome abnormalities.
Expert tip: Chromosome abnormalities can be divided into two categories: normal phenotype of carriers and high risk of embryo transfer. Whether to need three generations of test tubes needs to be confirmed by genetic counseling first, and it is not allowed to be blindly selected.
Second, technology: the difference and clinical value of three generations of test tube technology at home and abroad
The third-generation test tube technology in China is mature, and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology is adopted in the head reproductive center, so the accuracy of whole chromosome screening is high, and patients who meet the medical indications can get standardized diagnosis and treatment. Domestic PGT technology strictly follows the norms of the Health and Health Commission, and is only open to people with clear indications such as chromosomal abnormalities, monogenic genetic diseases, repeated abortions, and the elderly. Ethical approval is strict, and sex selection for non-medical needs is prohibited.
The overseas third-generation test tube technology has different characteristics in detection platform, indication range and process flexibility: the United States, Thailand and other regions adopt NGS, microarray and other high-throughput detection technologies, which have a wider detection coverage, and some institutions can realize the joint screening of whole chromosomes and genes; The policy level is more relaxed, and there are fewer restrictions on the access of chromosome abnormal carriers, repeated planting failures and elderly people, and there is no need for strict ethical queuing.
Clinical data show that the live birth rate of polyploid embryos screened by PGT after transplantation is higher than that of morphologically screened embryos, and the abortion rate is significantly reduced. ESHRE 2025 data suggest that PGT-A can reduce the abortion rate by about 60% and increase the live birth rate of single transplantation by 15-20 percentage points.
Experts suggest that PGT technology can improve the efficiency of screening normal embryos, but it can't completely rule out the risk of new mutation and embryo development, so it is necessary to look at the technical effect objectively.
Third, the crowd: which people with chromosomal abnormalities are suitable for overseas third-generation test tubes?
Combined with clinical indications and domestic and foreign policies, the following people can consider overseas third-generation test tubes:
Carriers with abnormal chromosome structure, such as balanced translocation and Roche translocation, meet the indications in China but have a long waiting period and hope to start treatment quickly;
Repeated spontaneous abortion ≥3 times, embryo chromosome abnormality diagnosed, domestic transplantation failed many times, hoping to expand the scope of detection and optimize the scheme;
Those who are pregnant at an advanced age (≥38 years old), have a high risk of abnormal egg chromosomes, and the domestic PGT-A indications are strict and cannot be approved;
Those who have a history of bad pregnancy and have given birth to children with chromosomal abnormalities and want to shorten the diagnosis and treatment cycle and obtain personalized programs;
There are no special circumstances such as legal qualifications and certificate restrictions in China, and it is necessary to comply with overseas medical treatment.
Medical research shows that not all chromosome abnormalities need three generations of test tubes, such as chromosome polymorphism, slight fragment abnormality and no bad pregnancy history, so natural pregnancy preparation or conventional test tubes can be tried first without excessive medical treatment.
Fourth, the process: the whole process and key links of overseas third-generation test tubes
The overall process of overseas third-generation test tubes is consistent with that in China, but there are differences in cycle management, testing efficiency and service mode:
Preoperative evaluation: Karyotype analysis, six hormones, AMH, semen analysis and infectious disease screening of husband and wife, and some institutions support mutual recognition of remote consultation and domestic inspection reports;
Ovulation promotion: according to the ovarian reserve, a personalized plan is formulated, and the drug monitoring is more flexible, with a cycle of about 10-14 days;
Egg retrieval, sperm collection and fertilization: ICSI single sperm injection is used to improve the fertilization rate, which is suitable for men with chromosomal abnormalities;
Embryo culture and biopsy: culture to the blastocyst stage on the 5 th to 6 th day, and extract a small amount of trophoblast cells, which has lower trauma and more stable results;
Genetic detection: NGS whole chromosome detection, the cycle is about 7-10 days, and embryos are frozen synchronously;
Embryo transfer and pregnancy test: screening normal embryo transfer, corpus luteum support after operation, blood sampling for pregnancy test in 12-14 days, and subsequent prenatal examination according to local regulations.
Key points of the process: Overseas medical treatment needs to apply for a visa in advance, make an appointment for a hospital, and arrange translation and accommodation. The overall cycle is about 25-35 days, and some links can be split up to reduce the time cost.
V. Q&A: Answers to high-frequency questions about chromosome abnormalities in overseas third-generation test tubes
Q1: Why do you want to go overseas when you can do the third generation test tube with chromosome abnormality in China?
The qualification of the third generation test tubes in China is strict, which needs to meet the medical indications, complete documents and ethical approval. Some patients cannot be treated in time because of the inconsistent indications, long queue and limited detection range. The overseas policy is loose, the process is efficient, and the detection coverage is wide, which is suitable for people with chromosome abnormalities with special needs.
Q2: Is the accuracy of chromosome abnormality screening in overseas third-generation test tubes higher than that in China?
NGS technology is widely used at home and abroad, and the accuracy is close to 99%. The difference lies in the scope of testing, laboratory quality control and the openness of indications, rather than the technology itself. Choosing a formal institution is the key.
Q3: Will it be successful to go overseas for the third generation of test tubes with abnormal chromosomes?
PGT can screen normal embryos, but the pregnancy outcome is influenced by many factors, such as endometrium, immunity, endocrine, age, etc., and there is no absolute success in medicine. The data show that the live birth rate of high-risk groups can be significantly improved, but 100% live birth cannot be guaranteed.
Q4: Overseas third-generation test tubes are expensive. How to judge the cost performance?
Overseas expenses are higher than domestic expenses, including medical treatment, translation, accommodation, transportation, etc. It is suitable for people who have failed many times in China, have limited indications and have high time cost. For those with abnormal common chromosomes and domestic indications, it is more economical to give priority to domestic formal institutions.
Q5: Does the third generation of overseas test tubes have any influence after returning to China?
No impact. After returning to China, we will complete the screening test, non-invasive DNA test, and large-scale teratogenesis test according to the routine prenatal examination process, and bring the overseas diagnosis and treatment report and embryo test report in advance for the convenience of obstetricians.
VI. Summary
Is it necessary to go overseas for the third generation of test tubes with chromosomal abnormalities? The answer varies from person to person, and the core depends on personal indications, domestic access conditions, time and economic budget, and diagnosis and treatment needs. Domestic third-generation test tubes are mature in technology, standardized in supervision and high in cost performance, and those who meet the indications are preferred; In case of inconsistent domestic indications, too long cycle, repeated failures, special needs, etc., we can choose a compliant overseas institution to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment and the adaptability of the scheme.
Decision-making suggestions: firstly, genetic counseling and comprehensive evaluation should be done in the reproductive center of domestic third-class hospitals to clarify the types of chromosome abnormalities and the necessity of third-generation test tubes; If the domestic demand cannot be met, we should screen overseas regular reproductive institutions, check their qualifications, laboratory level and clinical data, and make rational choices to avoid blind medical treatment.
Common aliases:Kyrgyzstan Tulip Reproductive Center, Tulip IVF, Tulip Reproductive Center, Tulip Hospital, Kyrgyz Tulip Reproductive Center, Kyrgyz Tulip Hospital
